Container orchestration automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containers. Kubernetes is the most popular container orchestration tool.

Kubernetes orchestrates containers as:-

• Scheduling containers on nodes in the cluster

• Automatically restarting containers that fail

• Replacing containers as needed

• Scaling containers based on resource needs

• Load balancing containers

• Ensuring containers have network connectivity and storage access

• Monitoring container health and performance

Kubernetes achieves this through various components as:-

• Pods: The basic building block that contains one or more containers.

• Nodes: The virtual or physical machines that run Kubernetes pods.

• Services: Enable discovery and load balancing for pods.

• Deployments: Ensure a specified number of pods are running.

• Volumes: Provide persistent storage for pods.

Kubernetes automates mundane tasks like:-

• Provisioning and deploying containers

• Configuring containers based on node requirements

• Scaling containers up and down

• Load balancing traffic between containers

• Monitoring container health

• Self-healing by restarting failed containers

Benefits of Kubernetes includes:-

• Simplified container management at scale

• Increased deployment velocity

• Improved resource utilization

• Higher availability through self-healing

• Abstraction of infrastructure details

Kubernetes works with various container runtimes like Docker, containerd, and CRI-O. It supports deploying containers on-premises, in the cloud, or in a hybrid environment.

Kubernetes is an open-source project maintained by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation. Popular commercial distributions of Kubernetes include:

• Google Kubernetes Engine

• Azure Kubernetes Service

• Amazon EKS

• Red Hat OpenShift

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